Electronic Journal of Business and Management Vol. 00, Issue 0, 2025, pp. 00-00 e-ISSN:2550-1380-ISSN doi:

[Title of Paper - Insert Here] (Font: Perpetua, Size 16, Bold, Centered).

First Middle Last 1*, First Middle Last 2, First Middle Last 3 First Middle Last 4

1 Department/Faculty, Institution, City, Country

2 Department/Faculty, Institution, City, Country

3 Department/Faculty, Institution, City, Country

4 Department/Faculty, Institution, City, Country

*Corresponding Author: name@domain.com

Abstract

This section is the abstract block of the paper. The abstract should provide a concise and clear summary of the study, written in simple and straightforward language. It normally contains the background or context of the research, the purpose or objective, the methods or approach used, the main findings, and the conclusion or implication. The abstract should not include citations, figures, tables, or footnotes, and should be written as a single paragraph. The total length of the abstract should be less than 250 words, though many journals recommend around 150-200 words for clarity and readability. Authors are encouraged to highlight what makes the research new or valuable without unnecessary detail. A well-written abstract allows readers to quickly understand the scope, contribution, and results of the study, and it often determines whether they choose to read the full paper.

Keywords: Keyword 1, Keyword 2, Keyword 3, Keyword 4, Keyword 5, SDG Keyword.

1. Introduction

This is the Introduction block. What the Introduction should do: The Introduction should (1) introduce [topic/application/domain] and state the real-world or scientific problem: [problem statement], explaining why it matters now for [stakeholders/industry/field] and the consequences of inaction; (2) summarize the most relevant prior work and pinpoint the unresolved gap: [specific gap], clarifying whether it is conceptual, empirical, methodological, or system-level (e.g., performance, reliability, safety, scalability, cost, usability); and (3) state the aim/objectives and the main research question(s)/hypotheses/design goals, while bounding the scope/assumptions/constraints: [scope].

What else the Introduction should include: The Introduction should also (4) briefly “describe” the approach: [experimental/computational/analytical/mixed], noting key data/materials/ instrumentation/ software (with versions), protocols/standards, and evaluation criteria; (5) highlight 1–3 contributions and expected impact (e.g., new model/algorithm/system, improved process/prototype, dataset/tool, or evidence on mechanism/performance): [C1]; [C2]; [C3]; and (6) provide a roadmap: “Section 2 reviews background/literature; Section 3 details methods/system design; Section 4 reports results/validation and discusses implications/limitations; Section 5 concludes with recommendation.”

Compliance Note (journal policy): Albeit not compulsory, we encourage the IMRaD structure: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (a standardized format used in scholarly papers to ensure clarity, logical flow, and replicability). If following the IMRaD structure, Introductions ≤ 1,200 words (or <1,000 when a separate Literature Review section is included). Full manuscript 4,000-8,000 words. Plagiarism <15% similarity. AI assistance <20%, transparently disclosed (e.g., Methods/Acknowledgments); no AI authorship. Ensure one-to-one match between in-text citations and references; verify DOIs and links.

2. Styling and Formatting

This is the styling block. Use Perpetua for all text. Default font size: 12 pt (the only exceptions are the paper title: 16 pt, bold, centered; and author names: 14 pt, bold, centered).

2.1. Fonts and Sizes

Styling summary: Use Perpetua throughout. Title 16 pt bold centered, Author names 14 pt bold centered, all other text 12 pt; single line spacing; Body paragraphs: Before 0 pt / After 0 pt; Heading 1: Before 12 pt / After 12 pt; Heading 2-4: Before 12 pt / After 0 pt (no blank line after); you may use Word’s built-in Heading styles; captions remain 12 pt; if you use manual spacing, tabs, or extra returns, ensure consistency as in this Template.

2.1.1. Title

Perpetua, 16 pt, Bold, Centered.

2.1.2. Author Names

Perpetua, 14 pt, Bold, Centered (single line if possible); Affiliations, emails, in 12 pt.

2.1.3. All Other Text

Perpetua, 12 pt for everything else (headings, body, abstracts, keywords, captions, references).

2.2. Spacing and Indentation

All text must be set in single line spacing, with no manual blank lines between paragraphs. Paragraph settings should control the spacing: Body text Before 0 pt, After 0 pt; HEADING 1 Before 12 pt, After 12 pt; and HEADING 2/3/4 Before 12 pt, After 0 pt so the first paragraph follows immediately. This ensures consistency and prevents unnecessary gaps in the camera-ready copy.

2.2.1. Line Spacing

Single line spacing throughout; Do not insert manual blank lines.

2.2.2. Paragraph Spacing (Word “Before/After”)

Body paragraphs: Before 0 pt, After 0 pt.

HEADING 1 (main section titles): Before 12 pt, After 12 pt.

HEADING 2/3/4 (subheadings): Before 12 pt, After 0 pt (first paragraph starts immediately).

2.2.3. First Paragraph After Headings

No extra blank line; begin body text immediately under the heading/subheading.

2.3. Headings

2.3.1. Heading 1 (e.g., 1. Introduction)

Perpetua, 12 pt, Bold.

Use sentence case or small caps per house style (avoid ALL CAPS unless required).

2.3.2. Heading 2/3/4

Perpetua, 12 pt, Bold.

No punctuation at line end; no extra space after (see 2.2.2).

2.3.3. Numbering

Use Word’s built-in Heading 1/2/3 styles for automatic numbering and TOC. If manual numbering, ensure consistency.

2.4. Lists, Tables and Figures

2.4.1. Lists

Keep list text 12 pt; align with body margins; minimal nesting.

2.4.1.1. Bullet Lists

This is a bullet list:

Item 1;

Item 2;

Item 3.

2.4.1.2. Numbered Lists

This is a numbered list:

Item 1.

Item 2.

Item 3.

2.4.2. Tables

Table titles (Table 1): 12 pt; no extra blank lines before/after. Use consistent decimal places and units. All tables must be numbered consecutively (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 …). Each table is centered with the caption/title above in 12 pt Perpetua. Any notes, sources, or explanations go below the table. Tables should be self-contained, use consistent decimal places, and be referenced in the text. Authors should explain and interpret the table briefly in the body, not replicate all numbers.

Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Sample Characteristics (N = 250).

Variable	Mean	Std. Deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Age (years)	34.62	8.45	21.00	59.00
Monthly Income (USD)	2,845	1,120	950.00	6,780
Job Satisfaction (1–5)	3.72	0.81	1.00	5.00
Performance Score (0–100)	76.34	12.57	45.00	98.00

Source: Authors’ survey dataset.

Template explanation after the table: “Table 1 reveals that the average age of respondents is 34.6 years, ranging from 21 to 59, with moderate variation. Monthly income shows wider variability, reflecting diversity in economic background. Job satisfaction scores cluster around 3.7 on a 5-point scale, while performance scores average 76.3 with some spread.” This sample explanation provides context for analyses without restating all figures Table 1.

2.4.3. Figures

All figures must be numbered consecutively (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 …) in the order they appear in the text. Figures are centered on the page, with captions placed below the figure in 12 pt Perpetua:

Captions should be concise, descriptive, and self-contained, so that the figure can be understood independently.

Do not insert extra blank lines before or after figures.

If applicable, include source notes or explanations directly beneath the caption.

Figures must be of high resolution (minimum 300 dpi) and preferably in TIFF or JPEG format for publication quality.

Figure 1. Research Onion (Saunders et al., 2016).

Figure 1 summarizes the layers of research design: from philosophical stance, through methodological choices, to data collection and analysis (Saunders et al., 2016). In a paper, authors should briefly explain their Figure without repeating every layer in detail.

2.5. Equations

Equations must be created with the native Equation Editor in Microsoft Word (Insert → Equation), not typed as text:

Each equation should be numbered consecutively (1, 2, 3 …).

The equation number is aligned to the right margin in parentheses on the same line as the equation.

In the text, reference equations as Eq. (1), Eq. (2), etc.

Variables and symbols should be in italics, but numbers and Greek letters should remain upright.

How to align numbering in Word:

Insert an equation using Insert → Equation.

Select the equation and press Tab to move to the right margin.

Type the number in parentheses (e.g., (1)).

Repeat for each new equation.

Example equations:

Template statement after equations: Eq. (1) illustrates a simple regression model, while Eq. (2) shows the Z-score transformation.

2.6. Abbreviations, Acronyms and Units

This subsection standardizes shorthand and measurement usage across the manuscript.

2.6.1. Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms (e.g., km, g, etc.) do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

2.6.2. Units

Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk drive”. All measurements in the manuscript must follow consistent unit conventions to ensure clarity and accuracy:

Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.

Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter”, not “webers/m2”. Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few henries”, not “. . . a few H”.

Declarations

Funding

State whether the research received financial support. Example: “This research received no external funding.”

Conflict of Interest

Explicitly declare whether conflicts exist. Example: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

Ethical Approval and Informed Consent (if applicable)

If the study involved humans, animals, or sensitive data, include an ethics statement. Example: “This study was approved by the [Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee] under reference number ….” Confirm informed consent was obtained from human participants. Example: “Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.”

Data Availability

State whether data are available and where. Example: “The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.”

Acknowledgments (optional)

Include only if relevant.

References

This journal uses the APA 7th edition reference style. A full guide is available from the official APA website: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references

In-text citations should follow APA 7th edition format:

One author:

Narrative: Ajzen (1991)

Parenthetical: (Ajzen, 1991)

Two authors:

Narrative: Creswell and Creswell (2018)

Parenthetical: (Creswell & Creswell, 2018)

Three or more authors:

Narrative: Venkatesh et al. (2003)

Parenthetical: (Venkatesh et al., 2003)

Direct quote with page number:

Example: (Creswell & Creswell, 2018, p. 35)

The examples below illustrate how different types of references should be formatted in the References list.

Journal articles

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30036540

Wilcoxon, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1(6), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001968

Conference paper

He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016). Deep residual learning for image recognition. In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (pp. 770–778). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90

Book

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.

Edited book chapter

Vinzi, V. E., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: From foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 47–82). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_3

Report / institutional publication

OECD. (2024). OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024 (Volume 1): Embracing the technology frontier. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/a1689dc5-en